FSc ICS FA ICom Class 12 Pakistan Studies The Role of Quaid-e-Azam

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The Role of Quaid-e-Azam

PRELUDE The services and dynamic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah in the Pakistan Movement need no introduction. In this movement, the personality of Quaid-e-Azam and his immense struggle made the thought pall of the foundation of Pakistan easy and finally, the Muslims of India were successful in reading their destination for which they underwent a long journey under the Quaid.

THE SERVICES OF QUAID-E-AZAM

1.Politics

During his stay in London, Muhammad Ali Jinnah thoroughly studied the British Parliament. He also remained the private secretary Dadabhoy Noorogi. He became the member of Indian National Congress in 1906 till 1909.Due to these activities his political understanding and his abilities in law had become a Universal truth. Therefore, when the elections of Legislative council took place under Minto-Morley Reforms, so the Quaid-e-Azam become the member of Council from Bombay. This was Quaid-e-Azam’s first step in politics.

2.Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity

Quaid-e-Azam was called the “Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity”, because he thought it was important for the independence of Sub Continent that there is complete unity among the Muslim and Hindus. In 1913,when he became the member of Muslim League, he made hectic efforts for the unity.

3.Lucknow Pact

In 1916,the joint session of the Muslim League and congress was held in Lucknow. On this historical occasion, an agreement was signed between the Muslims and Hindus leaders which could lay the foundation of Hindu Muslim unity, this agreement is known as Lucknow pact. The man who was behind this was Quaid-e-Azam.

4.Quaid-e-Azam’s Fourteen Points

In 1928,Pundit Moti lal Nehru, presented a report which turned down all the Muslims demand. On the reply of Nehru report, Quaid-e-Azam made a chart of minimum demands of Muslims and it was known as” Quaid-e-Azam’s Fourteen Points”. This was the certainly the right answer to the Nehru report.

5.Presidentship of Muslim League

In 1933,Quaid-e-Azam was elected as the permanent President of Muslim League due to which he permanently came back to India in October 1935 and remained busy in the reconstruction of Muslim League.

6.Government of India Act (1935) and Elections of 1937

Quaid-e-Azam made some speeches in favour of Government of India act (1935),due to which the British Government accepted this act. According to Indian Act the provincial elections were scheduled in 1935.Quaid-e-Azam travelled throughout the country for the elections campaign so that he could unite the Muslims opinion but his efforts did not proved to be successful. The Muslims suffered defeat even in Muslim majority areas. However, Quaid-e-Azam remained hard as rock during these difficult times.

7.Popularity of League and Jinnah

When the Muslims of majority provinces observed the rational attitude of the Congress, they tried to make the Muslim League effective and influential. Therefore, Punjab, Bengal and Sindh became near to Jinnah and the Muslims of these areas decided to work under the Muslim League.

8.Pakistan Resolution

On 23rd March 1940,the historical session of the Muslim League was held under the chairmanship of Mr. Jinnah at Minto Park, Lahore. At this historical occasion a resolution known as Pakistan Resolution was passed in which the Muslims demand for the first separate independent homeland.

9.Jinnah -Gandhi Talks (1944 )

Gandhi held talks with Jinnah to discuss about the future of India, but no fruitful results came out of its because Gandhi did not accept Muslims as a separate nation.

Louis Feisher wrote:

“The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory.”

10.Simla Conference-1945

Lord Wavell called a conference at Simla. The conference failed to achieve any purpose due to one-sided attitude of Lord Wavell. In this conference Quaid-e-Azam made it crystal clear that only the Muslim League can represent Muslims of India.

11.General Elections -1945-1946

Elections for the central and provincial assemblies were held in 1945-1946 in which Muslim League won 30 seats of central legislative meant for Muslims and 430 seats out of 495 in the provincial legislative .Quad said this occasion:

“I have no doubt now the achievement of Pakistan. The Muslims of India told the world what they want. No power of world can topple the opinion of 10 crore Muslims of India.”

12.Formation of Pakistan

On 14th August ,1947,Pakistan came into being as a separate self-governing Dominion and the Quaid became the first Governor General of Pakistan.

13.Problems of Pakistan and Jinnah

The problems which the Quaid-e-Azam had to face as Governor General of Pakistan were not only due to the happenings in East Punjab and to provide shelter for the millions of refugees. What immensely increased the difficulties of the new state was the fact that it had yet to organize itself.

DEATH OF THE GREAT LEADER

It was due to immense hard work for the Muslims that his health failed. The great leader breathed his last on 11th September 1948 and was buried at Karachi. His demise was mourned not only by Pakistan but by the whole world.