FSc ICS FA Intermediate English Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech

Introduction

1. Written language is made up of letters, which stand for sound. The letters of any language are called its Alphabets. The English Alphabet contains twenty-six letters. Letters a, e, i, o, u are called Vowels. The remaining are called Consonants.

Letters have two forms. Capitals and small letters.

Capitals: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.

Small: a b c d e f g h u I j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z.

The following words should begin with capitals:

The first word of every sentence.
The first word of every line of poetry.
All proper names: Asad, Lahore, Pakistan.
Name of the days of week and of the months of the year: Saturday, Monday etc., April, May etc.
The words I and O.
Single letters standing for words: BS., M.A.

2. Letters are united to form Words.

Any part of a word that can be sounded at once is called syllable.

The word absent has two syllables, ab and sent. In every syllable there must be at least one Vowel.

Accent is a distinctive way of pronouncing a language. The change in the accent results in the change of the meaning of a word. Nouns and Adjective are generally accented on the first syllable while the verbs are accented on the second syllable.

3. A sentence is any number of words having a full meaning. It always contains a finite verb:

Iqbal was a great poet of Pakistan.

A Clause: It is a sentence which is part of a larger sentence:

This is a house which my father bought.

A Phrase is a group of words that make sense but not a complete sense. It has no finite verb:

On account of, in the long run, on a bicycle.

Every sentence consists of two parts. The Subject i.e. the naming part and the Predicate i.e. The stating part. In the sentence “A goat gives milk” A goat is the Subject and gives milk is the Predicate.

Parts of Speech

Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjuction
Interjection

Noun
A word or group of words that names a person,a place,an activity,a quality or an idea is called noun
e.g;
Ahmad arrives tomorrow.
Honesty is liked everywhere.

Pronoun
A word used instead of a noun or noun phrase is called pronoun.
e.g;
They do not tell a lie.
She met Alia yesterday.

Verb
A word or group of words used to describe a state,an action or experience is called verb.
e.g;
She sleeps.
I am a student.

Adjective
A word use to add something to the meaning of a noun or pronoun is called adjective.
e.g;
He is a nice man.
Ahmad is brave.

Adverb
A word or groups of words that qualifies anything accept a noun or a pronoun is called adverb.
e.g;
He ran fast.
Please talk sensibly.

Preposition
A word or group of words placed before a noun or a pronoun to show what one person or thing has to do with another person or thing is called preposition.
e.g;
Water is essential for life.
Bring me a cup of tea.

Conjunction
A word that joins one word to another word,phrase or sentence is called conjunction.
e.g;
We ate fish and chips.
I like it but i can't afford it.

Interjection
A word thrown into a sentence to express some sudden feeling or exclamation is called interjection. Sometimes other parts of speech like adjectives, adverbs etc. are used as interjections.
e.g;
Alas!he has ruined the project.
Oh!what a loss.

FSc Notes

FSc ICS FA Intermediate English Parts of Speech