FSc ICS Notes Physics XI Short Questions & Definitions Chapter 5 Circular Motion 1st Year Physics Notes Online Taleem Ilm Hub
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Linear motion: Motion in a straight line.
Rectilinear motion ( or Translational motion): A body moves with translational motion if each particle of the body undergoes the same displacement in a straight line in a given time.
Rotational motion: A body moves with rotational motion if each particle of the body moves in a circle about a straight line called the axis of rotation.
Curvilinear motion: Motion along a curved path.
Circular motion (or Angular motion): Motion of a body along a curved path of constant radius.
Angular displacement: Angle subtended at the center of a circle by a particle moving along the circumference in a given time.
Instantaneous angular velocity: Angular velocity of a body in a particular instance. Symbolically it is defined as ω = Lim (Δt→0) Δθ/Δt
Angular displacement: Change of position in circular path.
Radian: The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal in length to its radius.
Arc: A part or section of a curved line, as an arc of a circle.
Chord: A string or straight line, as between two points of a curve.
Angular velocity (ω): The rate of change of angular displacement.
Average angular velocity: Average angular displacement per second. The total angle turned per unit time. Symbolically ωav = Δθ / Δ t
Time period (or Period of motion): Time to complete one revolution.
Angular acceleration (α): The rate of change of angular velocity with time.
Centripetal acceleration: The instantaneous acceleration of an object traveling with uniform speed in a circle is directed towards the center of the circle.
Roller coaster: A circular switchback railway with many steep inclines, over which small cars are run; common at amusement parks.
Tangential distance: Taking distance along the direction of its tangent.
Centripetal force: The force needed to bend the normally straight path of the particle into a circular path.
Tension: A force experienced by a certain body through the string.
Centrifugal force: The outward force acting on an object that is moving along a curve path.
Stunt: A sensational or remarkable feat or undertaking.
Stunt man: In motion pictures, a man employed to perform dangerous actions, such as falling, jumping etc.
Moment of inertia: The rotational analogue of mass in angular motion.
Pivot: A fixed pin or short shaft on which some object, as a ball or wheel, turns; fulcrum; axis of rotation.
Rigid body: A body is said to be rigid, if it is not possible to change its shape by the application of a force, however large.
Tangential velocity: Velocity at a point along the direction of its tangent at that point.
Spin angular momentum: It is the angular momentum of a spinning body.
Orbital angular momentum: It is the angular momentum associated with the motion of a body along a circular path.
Angular momentum: i) A particle is said to posses an angular momentum about a reference axis if it so moves that its angular position changes relative to that reference axis. ii) The product of the moment of inertia of a body and its angular velocity. iii) The cross product of position vector and linear momentum.
Gymnastics: Bodily exercises for developing the physical powers.
Skate: A metallic runner attached to a frame shaped to fit a shoe and used for gliding rapidly over ice.
Ice skating: To skate on the ice.
Clutch: Any of variously constructed and operated devices for coupling two working parts; the appliance suitable for seizing and holding.
Rotational kinetic energy: Energy due to rotation of a body; it is equal to the half of the product of moment of inertia and the square of the angular velocity. Mathematically, KErot = ½ I ω(2)
Disc: A flat circular plate or anything resembling it.
Hoop: A circular band such like a ring; anything curved like a ring.
Satellite: A smaller body that revolves around a larger body.
Artificial satellite: An artificial body orbiting the earth. Many have been launched falling under two classes; a) Information satellites, b) Communication satellites.
Information satellites: They are designed to provide information concerning the earth, other celestial objects, or space itself, and to relay it back by radio.
Communications satellites: They are designed to provide high-capacity communications links between widely separated locations on the earth’s surface.
Critical velocity: The minimum velocity necessary to put a satellite into the orbit.
Global positioning system (GPS): GPS is a satellite
Navigation System. Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute position, velocity and time. The system was designed for and is operated by the U.S.
military. While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS
world-wide. Intelsat (ITSO): ITSO is the world’s largest commercial
satellite communication services provider. Currently it has over 100 members and provides
service to over 600 Earth stations in more than 149 countries. Intelsat
maintains it headquarters in Washington DC. Spacecraft operations are
controlled through ground stations in Italy, USA, Germany and
Australia. Launched new satellite IS-907 on 15 February 2003. it will provide
enhanced (circular frequency) coverage from 5850 to 6425 MHz and (linear) high
power from 14.00 to 14.50 GHz.
Orbital velocity: The tangential velocity to put a satellite in orbit around the Earth.
Artificial gravity: The gravity like effect produced in orbiting space ship to overcome weightlessness.
Spaceship: A manned spacecraft, especially one making a journey between planets or stars.
Space station: A place that lies beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, in which the density of matter is very low, used as base for scientific experiments.
Geostationary orbit: A circular orbit around the earth that lies in the plane of the equator and has a period of the earth’s rotation on its axis, i.e. nearly 24 hours.
Geostationary satellite: The satellite whose orbital motion is synchronized with the rotation of the Earth.
Synchronization: Sameness in time of two or more events; happening at the same time rate; having the same rate of vibration.
Navigation: The act of traveling by water; steering or managing (a ship) in sailing.
Communication satellites: They are designed to provide high-capacity communications links between widely separated locations on the earth’s surface.
Intrinsic: Pertaining to the very nature of a thing.
Geodesics: The path with minimum length between two points
in a mathematically defined space. In three dimensions it is a straight line. In four
dimensions (Einstein’s theory), it is the path of electromagnetic radiation, or of
a particle that is subject to no non-gravitational force.
Eclipse: The ‘hiding’ of one heavenly body behind another. The eclipsed object, the eclipsing object, and the observer are in a straight line.
Solar eclipse: It occurs when the shadow of the moon passes over the surface of the earth.
Space time curvature: Einstein’s view of gravitation that space time is curved especially locally near massive bodies.
Analogy: Likeness between things somewhat different.
Dumb-bell: One of a pair of weights of wood or iron, used for muscular exercise.
Divergence: Moving apart or deviation from a standard.
Gramophone: An instrument for recording and reproducing sound.
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