English XII Ch 3 The Day The Dam Broke SQ & Notes FSc FA ICS ICom Karachi Sindh
Composition
Write between 350 and 400 words on one of the following topics:
- An appreciation of The Day the Dam Broke.
- The behavior of crowds
- The dangers of panic
James Thurber is one of the prominent writers of modern times belongs to America. He is the one who focuses extensively on the significant aspect of life i.e. “humor” to a great extent. The style he adopted became the source of fame and fortune for James. There are a number of witty and humorous articles and entertaining books on his credit such as “The Seal in the Bedroom”, “Men, women and dongs” and “Let your mine alone”.
According to James Thurber, “Humor is emotional chaos recollected in tranquility.”
“The day the dam broke” has been written by Thurber in an awesome humorous way. The focal point of the story is human psychology especially related to the aspect of people’s behaviorism under some unexpected, sudden circumstances. Thurber depicts mob mentality with great dexterity.
The written expression of the author shows his outstanding sense of observation regarding human nature, behavior, and attitude. Thurber’s sardonic but affectionate view of human behavior is reflected amazingly in the flowing lines of the story.
The author has a strong desire to bring out the silly, destructive effects of mob mentality which force the sensible people to get involved in unreasonable acts and commit quite foolish blunders too.
The short story throws light on the fact how people behaved unreasonably in any form of calamity. Sometimes people of sound background and profound understanding too behave in a ridiculous way and respond foolishly towards any such catastrophic situation.
The story is the true picture of what Dickens once said that “People do what the mob do.” In the story, everyone blindly follows everyone else and pay heed to whatever they have heard as a rumor, without making use of their senses.
Thurber artfully gives a description of different kinds of people reacting differently to the rumor of the broken dam. Some were engulfed with extreme fear whereas some were as calm as sea like his mother. Even the most learned and experienced ones behaved quite ridiculously like Dr. Mallory and Lieutenant Colonel of infantry.
In a nutshell, it can be concluded that the rumor and the people’s reaction to it proved that in the situation of panic people used to behave ridiculously and avoid using their common sense at such a critical point.
“Sometimes a majority simply means that all the fools are on the same side.”
Human nature is based on a number of factors. Among them, one is called as ‘behavior or attitude’. This behavior varies from person to person, place to place, situation to situation and from the individual level to the collective level. When a person is alone, his behavior is altogether different than the situation when he has to act as a part of a crowd.
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the simple definition of a crowd is “a large number of people gathered together, usually without orderly arrangement.” Crowds are categorized into two main classes: active crowds and inactive crowds. Both are the representatives of their own type of behavior. Basically, crowd or collective behavior is the way a group thinks, feels, or acts as a unit in response to an irrational process.
All over the world, psychologists have categorized crowd/group behavior in two main theories: the first one is that when a crowd is less organized; they share a common approval/disapproval or similar emotion. Secondly, they share a common gesture, comments and stimulate similar behavior and move the crowd. Sometimes it happens that the behavior of crowds at events is determined by their own personal goals and motivations. Crowd behavior is heavily influenced by the loss of responsibility of the individual and the impression of the universality of behavior, both of which increase with the size of the crowd.
A number of theories are put forward by the researchers to give insight into crowd behavior. According to Le Bon’s early attempt to understand crowd behaviors come up with the result that crowd behaviors are pathological and abnormal, where people are reduced to a primitive or instinctive mode of behavior. This theory proposes that feelings of mystery cause people in a crowd to lose their sense of self and responsibility and act in ways that stem from a ‘group mind’.
Therefore, it can easily be said that the behavior of an individual is pretty much different when he is alone but changes altogether when he becomes a part of any type of crowd. To understand crowd behaviors social psychologists and researchers really worked hard and some even working on this aspect to reveal each and every hidden truth about crowd behaviors.
Life is full with a range of feelings and emotions. Some we cherish and love to experience whereas there exist some which we always want to avoid as they become a source of creating negative effects on our lives. Joy, happiness, excitement is welcomed by the people. On the other hand, panic, anxiety, fear, jealousy is rejected by the masses to a great extent.
Emotions and feelings are closely associated with the incidents and happenings that occur in someone’s life. Panic is one such feeling that sometimes seems to be unavoidable by the people although they want to get rid of it as soon as possible.
In simple easy words, panic can be defined as “sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety, often causing wildly unthinking behavior.” It appears in two forms, one is the slight attack of fear and anxiety and simply known as ‘panic attack’ whereas the other one is the type of panic attack that is more frequent and severe in its nature and is likely to be known as ‘panic disorder.’
Although panic attacks can be a normal thing, and most people will experience a panic attack at some point throughout their lives, when they become frequent it is often a sign of concern. The dangers of panic are no doubt numerous and thus need attention at a right time to be reduced.
First and the foremost danger that always haunts people with panic attacks are the chances of having difficulties in their relationships and the extreme fear of isolation. A person with panic disorder may find it difficult to genuinely connect with others. Many people with panic disorder keep what is called the ‘panic secret’ in which they try to hide their symptoms out of fear of being negatively evaluated by others, or worse yet, many worries that they will be rejected or abandoned by loved ones who don’t understand the panic disorder.
On the second place come the problems that are faced by panic disorder persons at the workplace. Panic disorder can hinder a person’s work performance and get in the way of developing relationships with co-workers.
One may say that panic attacks come in the life of almost every single individual but some have the ability to cope with them due to their strong will power whereas there are some people who just give up quite easily.
Precis
Summarize the following passage in from 90 to 100 words :During the Mutiny of 1857 Syed Ahmed Khan saved many British people from murder by hiding them in a bungalow at Bijnor. When an angry crowd shouted that they would break into the house he went out to them, unarmed and persuaded them to go away. For his courage, he was given an honour by the Government. Soon afterward, Syed Ahmed Khan wrote a book in which he told the British that the main cause of the Mutiny was that they knew too little about the people they were ruling. If they wanted to win the friendship of the Indian people then, they must mix with them. Very few of the British followed his advice.
Most good Muslims at this time were afraid to send their sons to the government colleges, where the English language and Western ways were taught, for fear that they would lose their faith in Islam and forget how to speak their own language. Yet education of this kind, said Syed Ahmed Khan, was the only hope for the Muslims if they wanted to win back their freedom and their proper share in the life of their country’.In 1875, he founded the famous university at Aligarh where young Muslims could receive an English education without fear of becoming worse Muslims. It was a wonderful success. From Aligarh came many great Muslim scholars, teachers, reformers and statesmen. Among them was Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. Khawaja Nazimuddin, who succeeded Jinnah as Governor-General and many other makers of modern Pakistan. At Aligarh Muslims once again learned to think of themselves as a great people and to take a pride in their own language Urdu.
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